Farewell to Manzanar pages 70 to 80

 

    Chapter 12

     In the spring of 1943, the Wakatsuki family moves to nicer barracks in Block 28 near one of the old pear orchards. Wakatsuki says that the Spanish word manzanar means “apple orchard” and that there were once many orchards in Owens Valley, where Manzanar is located. Papa takes care of the fruit trees, and Mama is closer to the hospital where she works as a dietician. Their new home is twice the size of their old ones and have ceilings and linoleum floors. Papa continues to distill liquor, but he drinks less because he spends more time outdoors. After the first year, the Japanese are allowed to go outside the fence for recreation, and Papa goes on hikes, looking for driftwood, which he carves into furniture. He also paints, sketches, and even builds a rock garden outside the Wakatsuki barracks, with stepping stones leading up to the door.

       Life in camp becomes quiet and shikata ga nai, “it cannot be helped,” again becomes the motto. Many families plant gardens the administration begins to work on a farm, and some former professional gardeners build a small park. Manzanar becomes its own world with its own churches, stores, movie theaters, and schools, and many of its residents forget about the war. Papa talks Woody out of volunteering for the military and Woody works at the general store while he waits to be drafted. Kiyo collects arrowheads unearthed by the strong winds and sells them to old men, and Ray plays on a local football team. Jeanne’s older sister, Lillian, joins a hillbilly band called the Sierra Stars. Jeanne’s oldest brother, Bill, leads a dance band called the Jive Bombers, singing such hits as Don’t Fence Me In. There is a picture of the band in the Manzanar High School 1943–1944 yearbook, Our World, along with photos of cheerleaders and the school play, whose description reads “the story of a typical American home.” The last two photos in the yearbook show a watchtower and a woman with her dog walking down a path outside of camp.

   Chapter 13

    The camp authorities create a high school and elementary school, and Jeanne enrolls in fourth grade. Her teacher is a spinster from Kentucky, but Jeanne says she is the best teacher she has ever had. Jeanne also joins the Glee Club, which gives concerts throughout the camp. The War Relocation Department brings in leaders, mostly Quakers, to run a recreation program. On weekends the leaders organize hiking trips to the recently built campgrounds in the hills outside of camp. One leader, a Quaker girl named Lois, has a crush on a Japanese boy and the two arrange an overnight camping trip for the younger girls in order to spend time together. Jeanne enjoys the occasional excursions but is afraid of spending too much time outside the compound.
      Jeanne begins taking baton-twirling lessons, practices for months, and eventually decided to join the baton club at school. Wakatsuki wonders why she was so fond to such an all-American activity and compares it to her experience taking Japanese dance lessons from an old geisha—a Japanese woman trained to entertain men in the camp. The geisha teaches traditional odori dancing to young girls who want to be in the obon festival honoring dead ancestors, but Jeanne does not understand the geisha’s traditional attitudes and Japanese dialect. Two girls in the class tell Jeanne that a good dancer must use hair tonic on her face, put cold cream in her hair, and never wear underpants, but Mama tells her the girls are just messing with her. Jeanne also tries taking ballet lessons, but she is unimpressed by the out of shape teacher and her daikon ashi, which refers to horseradish-shaped legs. Disappointed Jeanne returns to her study of religion with the nuns and longs to be baptized in a white gown and veil. When she tells him her intention to Papa, he gets angry and refuses her wishes on the grounds that she will be unable to marry a Japanese boy. One of the nuns is a friend of Papa’s and tries to reason with him, but he says Jeanne is too young. Jeanne decides she dislikes Papa and returns to baton twirling.

farewell to manazar pages 60 to 70

                                                Summery

Chapter 11

In December the new camp director gave a Christmas tree to each family but Jeanne isn’t impressed with Christmas because of the poor presents, the wind, and Papa being drunk. In February conditions get worse when the government begins to require that everyone over seventeen swear a Loyalty Oath. The oath consists of two yes-or-no questions: the first question is whether one is willing to serve in the U.S. military, the second is whether one will swear allegiance to the United States and surrender allegiance to Japan.

The oath becomes a topic of debate in camp, and even Papa emerges from his five-month isolation. He argues with the block organizers who come to his barracks, as well as with Mama, Granny, and Woody. Woody says he would be willing to fight, but Papa argues that a soldier must believe in which he is fighting for. The Japanese Americans do not know how to respond to the Loyalty Oath. Answering “No No” will result in being shipped back to Japan, but answering “Yes Yes” will result in being drafted into the U.S. military. A third option is relocation, allows families to leave camp if they have a sponsor and are willing to leave the West Coast. The Loyalty Oath is intended to speed up the relocation paperwork and determine which Japanese are loyal enough to serve as soldiers in the war. Many Japanese become very anti-American, but Papa decides to answer “Yes Yes” because he thinks America will win the war and does not want to be sent back to Japan.

A meeting is called to discuss a collective “No No” vote, and Papa attends even though the others will call him an “inu” for supporting the “Yes Yes”. At about 4:00 p.m. Jeanne is playing hopscotch in the wind when she hears a commotion. She hears Papa yelling “eta,” meaning “trash,” and she sees him tackle another man who is running out of the meeting. Papa has defended the “Yes Yes” position, and the man has called him an “inu.” A sandstorm arises, and back inside the barracks Papa is silent. A friend of Chizu’s arrives, and she sings the Japanese national anthem, Kimi ga yo, with Papa, who has begun to cry. Wakatsuki tells us that the national anthem, which is actually a Japanese poem from the ninth century, speaks of a small stone that becomes a massive rock covered by thousands of years of moss. In Japan, Papa’s family had a stone lantern over which they poured a bucketful of water each day to keep the moss growing.

Farewell to Manzanar pages 50 to 60

                                                            Summery

Chapter 9
Papa rarely talks about his experiences at Fort Lincoln because of his humiliation at being accused of disloyalty. Other men experience this sense of helplessness and rage, and these feelings eventually build up  in the December Riot, which takes place one year after the Pearl Harbor attack. In the months before the riot, the mess hall bells ring often to signal meetings to demand better food, better wages, and even outright revolt. Some meetings lead to beatings or assassination threats. On the night of December 5, 1942, a group of men attacks Fred Tayama, a leader of the Japanese American Citizens League.
The next day, the camp authorities arrest three men for the attack and send them to jail ten miles away in the town of Independence. One of the men is a cook known for trying to organize a Kitchen Worker’s Union and accusing the white chief steward of selling food from the camp’s warehouses on the black market. His arrest triggers a riot, but Papa refuses to be apart or it. He keeps the family inside their barracks during the riot and Jeanne can hear the mobs roaming the camp, shouting slogans. Papa calls the rioters idiots, but Mama backs them up by saying that they don’t want to be treated like animals. The authorities agree to bring the cook back to camp but by 6:00 p.m., there are 2,000 rioters and the camp security force has disappeared. One group of rioters goes to free the cook, and the other goes to the hospital to finish off Fred Tayama. One group throws rocks at a unit of military police, which they use tear gas. The Japanese run away. In the confusion, the police open fire with machine guns, killing two Japanese and injuring ten others. Late that night the mess hall bells begin to toll, and Jeanne sees the camp searchlights for the first time. The bells toll all night and do not stop until noon the next day.
Chapter 10

Jeanne’s brother-in-law Kaz is a foreman of a reservoir maintenance crew that must leave the camp on the night of the riots. They are given an ax handles to protect themselves if the rioters discover them working with the administration. They drove to the reservoir, checked the water, and set up camp in a small shack where each crew must spend its twenty four hour shift. Kaz, lying in his cot, thinks he sees something go past the window. Suddenly the door flies open and four military police come rushing into the room. They back the Japanese up against the wall at gunpoint, thinking that they have discovered a group of saboteurs. The young sergeant asks what the Japanese are doing, and Kaz tells them that they are the reservoir crew and are outside camp on official orders. The sergeant is suspicious of them and asks why they have ax handles. Kaz explains that the ax handles are for protection and suggests that the sergeant go back to camp to verify the story. The reservoir crew and the military police look at each other in fear until the sergeant returns with clearance thirty minutes later.

            Characters

Kaz: Is a Foreman of a reservoir maintenance crew.

Farewell to Manzanar pages 40 to 50

Summery

Chapter 7

An unnamed interrogator questions Papa at Fort Lincoln, North Dakota. The interrogator asks if he has had contact with his uncle, who is a general in Japan, but Papa says he has not. He also says that he has never returned to Japan because he is a black sheep in his family. The interrogator asks for the names of Papa’s ten children, and Papa names only 9 all but Jeanne, saying there are too many to remember. The interrogator accuses him of supplying oil to a Japanese submarine off the coast of California, but Papa says only a foolish commander would voyage so far from his fleet. The interrogator shows him a photograph and asks what was in the two fifty-gallon drums seen on the deck of the Wakatsuki’s boat. Papa answers that it was fish chum to attract mackerel into the nets. The interrogator asks him what he thinks of the attacks on Pearl Harbor and the American military. Papa replies that he is sad for both countries but that he is sure the Americans will win because they are bigger and richer, and Japan’s leaders are stupid. He says he weeps every night for his country. The interrogator asks if he still feels loyalty to the Japanese emperor, but Papa counters by asking the interrogator’s age. Papa laments that though he has been living in the United States nine years longer than the twenty-nine-year-old interrogator, he is prevented from becoming a citizen. The interrogator again asks Papa who he wants to win the war. Papa responds by asking the interrogator whether, if his mother and father were fighting, he would want them to kill each other or to just stop fighting.

Chapter 8

Papa moves into the crowded barracks with Mama and Jeanne, and does not go outside for what seems like months. Mama brings him meals from the mess halls, and he makes rice wine and brandy with extra portions of rice and canned fruit. He spends day after day getting drunk, cursing, and vomiting, and wakes up every morning moaning. Jeanne thinks Papa never goes out because he feels more powerful to the others, but in the restroom one day she overhears some Terminal Island women whispering about Papa and using the word “inu.” Inu literally means “dog” but can also refer to collaborators and informers. The women call Papa “inu” because he was released from Fort Lincoln earlier than the other men and is rumored to have bought his release by informing on the others.
When Mama reports the incident to Papa, he flies into a rage, cursing her for disappearing, not bringing him his food on time, and helping to spread the rumors that keep him inside the barracks all day. He threatens to kill her. Mama encourages him to strike, but when Papa raises his cane, Kiyo emerges from the bed where he has been hiding and punches Papa in the face. Papa stares at him in rage and respect, but Kiyo runs out the door. Jeanne is proud of Kiyo but feels that everything is collapsing around her. Kiyo hides in an older sister’s room for two weeks before coming to ask Papa’s forgiveness. Papa accepts his apology, but Jeanne’s sense of loss grows deeper as Papa continues to get drunk and abuse Mama.

Farewell to manzanar pages 30 to 40

Summery

Chapter 6

Papa continues to use his cane even after he recovers. Sometimes he uses it as a sword to swat at his family, and Jeanne imagines it as a makeshift version of the samurai sword of his great-great-grandfather from Hiroshima. Jeanne sees the camp as the place where her father’s life ends and her own life begins.

Papa is the oldest son of a samurai family that was stripped of its warrior status when Commodore Matthew Perry arrived in Japan. Papa’s uncle was a general and persuaded him to enter military school, but he dropped out at seventeen and sailed for the Hawaiian Islands with money borrowed from an aunt. In Hawaii Papa saw an advertisement for a job. He bought a new suit and went to find out about the job, but on arriving he found that the ad was for work in the sugar cane fields. He soon found a job as a houseboy in Idaho for an American lawyer. After spending five years with the lawyer, he enrolled at the University of Idaho and began preparing for a law degree. He changed his plans, however, when he met Jeanne’s mother.

Mama was born in Hawaii to a sugar cane worker from Niigata, Japan. Her family moved to Spokane, Washington, after she was borne. When Mama was seventeen, she had already been promised to the son of a well-to-do farmer. She met Papa one morning when he was unloading vegetables at a market. Her family did not like him because he lived a fast-paced life, but the two fell in love with each other and got married in Salem, Oregon. They moved frequently over the next eighteen years and had ten children. Papa did not finish law school and worked many odd jobs. A few years before Jeanne was born he started farming near Watsonville, California. During the Great Depression he moved to Inglewood, but he then turned to fishing in Santa Monica, where he acquired two boats, a house, and a Studebaker.

Jeanne sees her parents golden wedding anniversary as the height of her family’s happiness at Ocean Park. She recalls that her father stood looking elegant in his double-breasted suit and showed how to carve a pig with a few swift strokes of a cleaver. Jeanne says that her father was not a great man but that he held on to his self-respect and dreams, and whatever he did, he did with flourish. She adds that the other men at the detention camp at Fort Lincoln remember him because he helped the government conduct interviews, taught other inmates English, and gave comic readings of the news every morning.

farewell to manzanar to page 30

Summery:

Chapter 3

The Wakatsukis wake up its the first morning in Manzanar and they are covered in gray dust that has blown through the knotholes in the walls and floor. Jeanne and Kiyo thinks it’s funny because it looks like Kiyo has gray hair. They used their clothes as bedding for extra warmth. Woody calls through the wall, jokingly asking if they have fallen into the same flour barrel as him. Kiyo replies that they have not, joking that theirs is “full of Japs.” The kids get dressed quickly, and Woody tells Jeanne’s brothers Ray and Kiyo to cover the knotholes with tin can lids while Jeanne and her sister May sweep the floor and fold laundry. Woody threatens to make the boys eat any sand that comes up through the knotholes. When Kiyo asks about the sand that comes in through the cracks Woody jokes that it is a different kind of sand and, mimicking Papa’s voice, says he knows the difference. Mama asks Woody to cover the cracks. He promises to patch the cracks with scrap lumber, but she is not happy because of the bad conditions. Woody promises to make the repair job better and goes out to see what is for breakfast. Kiyo jokes that it will be hotcakes with soy sauce, but Woody says it will be rice with maple syrup and butter.

Chapter 4

            The Wakatsukis wait in the cold for half an hour for breakfast and eat huddled around the stove that Woody had repaired. He starts fixing things, but it is months before the family notches any improvements. She says that the Japanese, not knowing what to expect, did not bring enough warm clothing for the April weather and high altitude. The War Department begins issuing World War I surplus clothing, most of which is too large for the Japanese. A makeshift clothing factory is soon set up, and dozens of seamstresses convert the surplus into more practical articles of clothing like capes.   

Almost nothing works in the camps, and the children are continually sick due to typhoid shots and food is spoiling because the of the inexperienced cooks and the refrigeration system keeps going out so the food is going bad. People start having to go to the bathroom because of those things and it became part of daily life for the Japanese. On the first morning, Jeanne and Mama try to use the bathroom in their block but finds out that the toilets are overflowing onto the already excrement covered floor. They try another restroom two blocks away. It is like every other one in each of the ten camps, which were all built according to the same plan. The toilets are back to back, with no partitions. One old woman sets up a cardboard box around her toilet as a makeshift partition. She offers the partition to Mama, who kindly accepts it. Cardboard partitions become widely used until wooden partitions arrived, but many people choose to wait to use the bathroom until late at night usually around midnight so there is more privacy. Like many Japanese, Mama never gets to use the toilets because she likes to have a lot of privacy, but she endures them because she knows that cooperation is the only way to survive.

Chapter 5

Jeanne notices that after a few weeks, her family stops eating together in mess halls. She remembers that before the camp, her family used to enjoy eating meals around a large, round wooden table. But now,  Granny is too weak to go to the mess hall, and Jeanne’s older siblings often eat with friends in other mess halls where the food is better, while the younger brothers make a game of trying to eat in as many different mess halls as possible in a single meal period. Jeanne and Kiyo often eat with other children, away from the adults. Wakatsuki tells us that later in the war, sociologists noticed the division occurring within families, and the camp authorities tried to force families to eat together but it didn’t work. But camp life destroyied the Wakatuski family—the barracks were too small for Mama to cook in, and there was no privacy. Wakatsuki says that the closing of the camps made this destruction worse, since the older children moved away and the remaining family members had to eat in shifts in a tiny apartment. She adds that after being released, she wrote a paper for her journalism class about how her family used to catch and eat fish together at their home in Ocean Park. She ended the paper by saying that she wanted to remember this experience because she knew she would never be able to have it again.

Back in the camp, a call goes out for volunteer workers, and many Japanese sign up. Jeanne’s brothers sign up as carpenters, roofers, and reservoir crewmembers, and Mama begins to earn nineteen dollars a month as a dietician helping the camp cooks. She works in order to pay the warehouse in Los Angeles, where she has stored the family furniture. She worries about Papa, from which she receives letters occasionaly, but starts to ignore Jeanne. Jeanne looks for attention elsewhere and begins to observe the other people in camp. In hot weather she watches the 10,000 people walking around the camp at night. She pays special attention to a half-black woman who is masquerading as Japanese to stay with her husband; an aristocratic woman who whitens her face with rice flour; a pair of pale, thin-lipped nurses who look like traditional Japanese kabuki theater actors; and Japanese nuns. The nuns run an orphanage in the camp with Father Steinbeck, who is white, and they nearly convert Jeanne to Catholicism before Papa interferes. Jeanne is attracted to the stories of saints and martyrs, and spends nearly every afternoon and all day Sunday with the sisters. Walking home in the hot sun, she likes to imagine that she too is suffering with the martyrs. One day, however, she suffers sunstroke and does not go back to her religious study for a month.

Just before Jeanne’s sunstroke, Papa returns to Manzanar, and the whole family goes out to greet him. Woody’s wife, Chizu, isn’t there because she has just given birth to a son, whom she has named George in honor of Papa’s return. When the bus door opens, the first thing Jeanne sees is a cane. Papa is thin, and withered, and he favors his right leg. He and the family look at each other in silence, and only Jeanne has the courage to approach him. She runs to him, hugs his legs, and begins to cry.

Words I didn’t know

·       Immunizations:(noun) The fact or process of becoming immune, as against a disease.

·       Partitions: (noun) A separation, as of two or more things.

farewell to manzanar to page 20

Characters:

Kyio: Is the narrators brother that is three years older then him. He is ten

Granny: She is sixty five years old doesn’t speak English and is nearly blind.

May: Narrators sister she is eleven

Ocean Park Teacher: She was a kind grandmotherly woman who used to sail with Papa on the boat from time to time.

Lillian: is fourteen

Ray: thirteen

Woody: He is short, stocky, and has a mustache and he had just turned twenty-four. He is 5”6

Summery

After Papa was arrested, Mama relocated the family to Terminal Island. Mama felt more comfortable in the company of other Japanese, but the new environment of Terminal Island frightens Jeanne. It is the first time she has lived around other Japanese. She traces her fear to when Papa use to threaten to sell her to the “Chinaman” if she wasn’t behaving. Mama and Chizu go to work for the canneries that own the island, and the family takes up residence in a barracks alongside the other migrant workers. Jeanne doesn’t feel comfortable around the other kids who call themselves yogore (“uncouth ones”) and pick on outsiders and people who do not speak their language. She also gets teased at school so her and her ten-year-old brother, Kiyo avoid the other children after school so they don’t get ambushed.

They live on Terminal Island for two months, then the government decides to move the Japanese farther away from the Long Beach Naval Station. The family, including Granny Jeanne’s sixty-five-year-old grandmother, is given forty-eight hours to leave. Mama has to sell her china because it will not fit in Woody’s car. When she is selling it a man offers super low price for the china and she gets mad and stars smashing the entire set in front of him.
The family settles in the minority ghetto of Boyle Heights in downtown Los Angeles. President Roosevelt has signed Executive Order 9066, which authorizes the War Department to remove persons considered threats to national security from military areas on the West Coast, and rumors begin to circulate about relocation. Mama finally receives a letter from Papa, who is being held at Fort Lincoln, a camp for enemy aliens in North Dakota.
The public fears the Japanese, and a month after the Wakatsuki family settles in Boyle Heights, the government orders the Japanese to move again, this time to the camp in Manzanar, California. Many Japanese accept the move because they are afraid of Caucasian aggression but some see it as an adventure. A bus picks up the Wakatsukis at a Buddhist temple, and each family receives an identification number and tags to put on their collars. Jeanne falls asleep on the bus, almost half of which is filled with her relatives, and wakes up to the setting sun of Owens Valley. As they enter the camp, the new arrivals stare silently at the families already waiting in the wind and sand.
The bus arrives in time for dinner, but the Japanese are horrified to learn that the cooks have poured canned apricots over the rice, because Japanese do not eat with sweet foods. After dinner, the Wakatsukis are taken to Block 16, where they receive two sixteen-by-twenty-foot rooms for the twelve members of the family. They divide the space with blankets and sleep on mattress covers stuffed with straw. The younger couples have a hard time adjusting and six months later Jeanne’s sister and her husband leave to help harvest beets in Idaho. Jeanne does not mind the tight quarters, because it means she gets to sleep with Mama.


Rising action: They are taken to Manzanar on a bus  

Words of the day

Apathy( Noun): Bob's apathy for The Hobbit made him burst out of the theater demanding for a refund.
Appease:(Verb) Bob appeased the uproared theater after the projector had broke half way through the Hobbit by telling them that they would get a free ticket to the next showing of it.    

Farewell To Manzanar first 10 pages

Papa: is a fisher man, owns a boat called The Nereid, and loves to give orders because he had attended military school in Japan until he was 17. He is Japanese lives in Santa Monica. He had a mustache, he wore knee-high rubber boots, a rust-colored turtleneck, and a black skipper’s hat, he liked people to call him “Skipper.”

Bill: A son of Papa

Woody: Woody lives on Terminal Island. A son of papa

Mama: She is a small plump woman who laughed easily and cried easily.

Chizu:

Narrator: He is 7 and is scared of the china man because his dad always threatened to sell him to the china man.  

 Chapter Summery

Mama and all the rest of the fisherman wives went down to the docks to say good by to their husbands before they went on their fishing trip. Once the group of boats left, the wives and the narurater stayed and watched till they were a little white dot in the distance but once they turned back they new something was wrong. When the boats got back they said that the Japanese had bombed Pearl Harbor. When Papa got home he burned anything that was connecting him with Japan. Then they went to stay at Woody’s house but the next morning Papa was taken then later was charged for bringing oil to a Japanese submarine.

Exposition: The wives telling there husbands goodbye on the before they left on there fishing trip 
Inciting event: Papa was taken by the FBI and was charged for delivering oil to the Japanese submarine. 

Symbol: The flag is a symbol of Japan 

vocabulary

Apathy: (Noun) lack of interest in or concern for things that others find moving or exciting.
Appease:(Verb) To bring to a state of peace, quiet, ease, calm, or contentment; pacify; soothe
Ensued:(Verb) To follow in order; come afterward, especially in immediate succession Imperceptible:(Adjective) Very slight, gradual.
Peremptory:(Adjective) leaving no opportunity for denial or refusal.
Undulation:(Noun) An act of undulating; a wavelike motion.
Imperative:(Adjective) Absolutely necessary or required; unavoidable
Conjectural:(Adjective)
Poignant:(Adjective) keenly distressing to the feelings